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Ex vivo refers to experiments or measurements performed on tissues or cells that have been removed from an organism and maintained under conditions that closely mimic their natural environment. While certain ex vivo techniques have been employed since the early 20th century, their formalization and refinement as a research methodology accelerated in the mid-20th century. These approaches enable the study of biological processes in a controlled setting while preserving the structural and functional integrity of tissues and organs. Ex vivo studies are widely applied in medical research, pharmacology, and biotechnology, serving as an intermediate method between in vitro experiments and in vivo (whole-organism) studies. They provide a balance between experimental control and physiological relevance, allowing for investigations that may be ethically or technically impractical in living subjects.

Bill Roggio is an American commentator on military affairs, and the managing editor of The Long War Journal. Prior to leading a team of online commentators, Roggio published the online weblog The Fourth Rail. Roggio was an active duty soldier in the United States Army in the 1990s.